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Delivering the Science
and the Art of Health Promotion |
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Robert F. Allen
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| THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION | ||
| Interventions | ||
| Fitness | ||
| Mary K. Dinger Kristiann C. Heesch Kristi R. McClary |
2 | Feasibility of a Minimal
Contact Intervention to Promote Walking Among Insufficiently Active Women
A preliminary evaluation of a minimal contact intervention aimed at increasing insufficiently active women’s (N = 36) walking behavior, use of the processes of change (from the Transtheoretical Model), and self-efficacy. The intervention lasted 6 weeks and consisted of written brochures, behavioral monitoring (via pedometer), and e-mail messages. Large increases in overall minutes of walking behavior—with moderate-to-large increases for time spent walking at work, for transportation and during leisure-time—were observed between pre- and postintervention. Large increases were also observed for six of the 10 processes of change. |
| Smoking Control | ||
| Caroline L. Dunn Phyllis L. Pirie |
7 | Empowering Youth for Tobacco
Control This study examined how activities used in the Minnesota Youth Tobacco Prevention Initiative related to youth group participant’s perceived influence, which is a form of psychological empowerment. Participants (N = 940) from 93 different youth groups responded to a mail survey. Developing materials with antismoking messages and taking action to change school smoking policies were associated with higher perceived influence scores for the youth involved (p < .05). Youth from groups that had worked on raising awareness of tobacco industry tactics for targeting teens (p < .001) along with personal characteristics such as extensive extracurricular involvement, no personal experience with smoking, leadership experience, and being white were also associated with higher perceived influence scores (all p < .01). This study highlights important variables associated with psychological empowerment among youth involved with tobacco prevention groups. |
| Substance Abuse | ||
| Nance Wilson S. Leonard Syme W. Thomas Boyce Victor A. Battistich Steve Selvin |
11 | Adolescent Alcohol, Tobacco,
and Marijuana Use: The Influence of Neighborhood Disorder and Hope The relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, perceptions of neighborhood disorder and sense of hope were examined in ethnically diverse seventh and eighth grade students. Significant differences were found between neighborhood disorder and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and between sense of hope and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. |
| Strategies | ||
| Behavior Change | ||
| Gaston Godin Donna Anderson Léo-Daniel Lambert Raymond Desharnais |
20 | Identifying Factors Associated
With Regular Physical Activity in Leisure Time Among Canadian Adolescents This study assessed the factors that contribute to regular physical activity among a cohort of 740 students who attended a French-language high school in Québec. Students in grades 7, 8, and 9 were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after baseline. Only one in four students met the current international physical activity guidelines. Of the several factors that contributed to being physically active, the intention to be active emerged as the most important determinant. |
| Janine A. Pearson Emily Burkhart W. Bradley Pifalo Tina Palaggo-Toy Kelly Krohn |
28 | A Lifestyle Modification
Intervention for the Treatment of Osteoporosis A 32-hour, 8-week osteoporosis prevention and education program consisting of supervised exercise, educational activities, individual consultations with a dietitian, exercise physiologist, psychologist, physician and pharmacist, and group support was provided to 375 volunteers who had an average age of 67, 62% of whom were taking medication prescribed for osteoporosis prior to enrollment. Significant improvements over baseline were found for strength, flexibility, balance, depression, and exercise and nutrition behaviors at course end and 6-month follow-up. At 2 years, adherence to lifestyle modifications was high and significant improvement in bone mineral density of the spine were seen. |
| Culture Change | ||
| Helen Ann Halpin Sara B. McMenamin Julie Schmittdiel Robin R. Gillies Stephen M. Shortell Thomas Rundall Larry Casalino |
34 | The Routine Use of Health Risk
Appraisals: Results From a National Study of Physician Organizations The purpose of this study was to document the use of health risk appraisals (HRAs) by U.S. physician organizations and examine associations with organizational characteristics. A telephone survey of all 1590 physician organizations identified in the U.S. census as having 20 or more physicians was conducted September 2000 to September 2001, and yielded 1104 interviews (70% response rate). The results showed that only 22.5% routinely administer HRAs. External quality incentives, information technology capabilities and being a medical group versus an independent practice association (IPA) were associated with greater odds of routinely using HRAs. |
| Applications | ||
| Health Promoting Community Design | ||
| Andrew L. Dannenberg Todd W. Cramer Christopher J. Gibson |
39 | Assessing the Walkability of
the Workplace: A New Audit Tool To assess the acceptability of walking routes in office parks and nonresidential campuses, a new audit tool was developed. Nine elements of walkability were evaluated using five open-ended questions and a five-point scale with weightings based on the importance of each element: pedestrian facilities, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, crosswalks, route maintenance, walkway width, roadway buffer, universal accessibility, aesthetics, and shade. Based on the measured inter-observer variation, some elements were easier than others to assess consistently. |
| Research Methods | ||
| Financial Analysis | ||
| Eric Finkelstein Ian C. Fiebelkorn Guijing Wang |
45 | The Costs of Obesity Among
Full-time Employees Using nationally representative datasets of 20,329 and 25,427 adults of full-time employed persons aged 18–64, the authors estimated the annual excess cost of medical expenditures and absenteeism related to obesity. Excess annual medical costs for men range from $162 for those with BMI of 25.0–29.9 men to $1524 for those with BMI of 40.0. Excess annual absenteeism costs ranged from $6 to $440 for those groups. For women, annual medical costs range from $474 for those with BMI of 25.0–29.9 women to $1302 for those with BMI of 40.0. Excess annual absenteeism costs ranged from $94 to $812 for those groups. Based on the typical prevalance of overweight and obesity among employed people, these risk factors account for $277,000 in medical costs and absenteeism in a typical firm with 1000 employees. |
| Abstracts | 52 | 6 abstracts
are featured from a variety of publications |
| DataBase: Research and Evaluation Results | 55 | Four new studies are critiqued and added to the DataBase chart |
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The Art of Health Promotion |
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| Michael P. O’Donnell | 1 | A Simple Framework to Describe What Works
Best: Improving Awareness, Enhancing Motivation, Building Skills, and
Providing Opportunity Behavior change is often complex, conceptually challenging, and open to dispute as to the effectiveness of specific interventions. Defining “what works best” in health behavior change discussions is often problematic and can be contentious. In this issue of The Art of Health Promotion the author offers a simple framework to determine what is likely to work best in producing long-term behavior change. The article identifies four components that are highly associated with successful behavior change. These include improving awareness, enhancing motivation, building skills, and providing opportunity for practicing the new skills. This simple framework is likely to be a very useful tool in communicating the essentials of successful behavioral intervention to all major stakeholders in health promotion. |
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Selected Abstracts Abstracts are provided for 13 articles across the four areas of the framework. |
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| Larry S. Chapman | 10 |
Closing Thoughts Editorial comments on the proposed framework are provided along with some considerations from the application of the framework to specific programmatic interventions. |
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American Journal of Health Promotion | 248-682-0707 |
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