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Delivering the Science
and the Art of Health Promotion |
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Robert F. Allen
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| THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION | ||
| Interventions | ||
| Fitness | ||
| Liza S. Rovniak Melbourne F. Hovell Janet R. Wojcik Richard A. Winett Ana P. Martinez-Donate |
85 | Enhancing Theoretical Fidelity:
An E-mail-based Walking Program Demonstration A randomized controlled trial examined the extent to which theoretical fidelity, or precision in replicating theory-based recommendations, influenced the effectiveness of two walking programs based on social cognitive theory (SCT). Sixty-one sedentary adult women participated in one of two 12-week e-mail–based walking programs. The High Fidelity program was designed to more precisely follow SCT recommendations for operationalizing mastery procedures than the Low Fidelity program, which was designed to simulate how mastery procedures were operationalized in most existing SCT-based physical activity programs. The High Fidelity group improved more than twice as much as the Low Fidelity group on 1-mile walk test time (86 vs 32 seconds, p < .05), goal setting (p < .05), and positive outcome expectations (p < .05), and reported greater program satisfaction (p < .01). Greater theoretical fidelity could advance the quality of physical activity interventions, which have often shown small effects. This study provides an early model for how such information might be reported in the future. |
| Medical Self-care | ||
| Tatiana M. Bailey Jorge Delva Kimberlee Gretebeck Kristine Siefert Amid Ismail |
96 | A Systematic Review of
Mammography Educational Interventions for Low-income Women This systematic review examined randomized, community-based studies of educational interventions designed to increase mammography screening among low-income women. Of 242 studies identified in the search and published between January 1980 and March 2003, 24 studies met all inclusion criteria. Interventions that used peer educators, involved several intervention strategies or provided easy access to screenings were effective in increasing mammography screening among low-income women. Mailed letter or telephone reminders were not effective in the targeted population. |
| Smoking Control | ||
| Steven S. Fu Scott E. Sherman Elizabeth M. Yano Michelle van Ryn Andy B. Lanto Anne M. Joseph |
108 | Ethnic Disparities in the Use
of Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation in an Equal Access
Health Care System Ethnic variations in the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation were studied in a cohort of male current smokers (n = 1606) who received their primary health care through an equal access system—namely, the Veterans Health Administration—in five western and southwestern states. African-American and Hispanic smokers were significantly less likely than white smokers to have ever used NRT to assist in quitting smoking. Ethnic disparities in use of NRT were not explained by social, physiologic, or psychological factors, or by differences among facilities in policies related to prescribing medications for tobacco dependence. |
| Ellen J. Hahn Mary Kay Rayens Todd A. Warnick Costel Chirila Robert T. Rasnake Todd P. Paul Dawn Christie |
117 | A Controlled Trial of a Quit and
Win Contest A volunteer sample of 494 Quit and Win Contest registrants (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected tobacco users not exposed to the contest (control group) participated in a community-wide smoking cessation contest. After adjusting for baseline differences in demographics, tobacco use, and stage of change, those in the treatment group had 2.6 times the odds of reporting quitting during the 1-year postintervention period and 5.3 times the odds of experiencing quitting confirmed by urine cotinine, relative to controls. |
| Stress Management | ||
| Monika E. Slovine
D’Angelo Robert D. Reid Stephen Hotz Jane Irvine Roanne J. Segal Chris M. Blanchard Andrew Pipe |
127 | Is Stress
Management Training a Useful Addition to Physician Advice
and Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Smoking Cessation in Women? Results
of a Randomized Trial This randomized, controlled trial was designed to assess whether adding a stress management (SM) program to usual care improved smoking cessation rates among 332 women smokers who were attempting to quit smoking. Women smokers randomized to the usual care group received physician advice about quitting and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Those randomized to the SM group received usual care (physician advice and NRT) and also an 8-session, group-based SM training program. Data on smoking status, perceived stress levels, and other measures were obtained at baseline. Smoking status and perceived stress were assessed at the end of the 2-month intervention period; smoking status was assessed at a 12-month follow-up. The authors discuss the reasons why this trial found no additional benefit of SM training over usual care in this group of women smokers. |
| Strategies | ||
| Behavior Change | ||
| Amy E. Latimer Kathleen A. Martin Ginis |
135 | Change in Self-efficacy
Following a Single Strength Training Session Predicts Sedentary Older
Adults’ Subsequent Motivation to Join a Strength Training Program Fifty-nine sedentary adults (M age = 76.1, 80% female) engaged in a single strength training session to determine whether performance accomplishment or perceived exertion best predicted subsequent motivation to join a strength training program. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that lower perceived exertion was associated with greater improvements in self-efficacy (β = –.34, p = .02), whereas performance accomplishment was not (β = .12, p = .36). This study suggests that physiological arousal rather than mastery experiences may be a more potent source of physical self-efficacy beliefs in this population segment on this specific task. |
| Applications | ||
| Health Promoting Community Design | ||
| Alison Carver Jo Salmon Karen Campbell Louise Baur Sarah Garnett David Crawford |
139 | How Do Perceptions of Local
Neighborhood Relate to Adolescents’ Walking and Cycling? The relationship of perceptions of the local neighborhood to adolescents’ walking and cycling was examined in 347 adolescents and their parents. The strongest predictors were those related to social interaction and perceptions of road safety. Associations were shown between some walking and cycling activities and accessibility or availability of convenience stores, as well as perceived quality of the neighborhood in terms of opportunities and facilities for physical activity. |
| Research Methods | ||
| Abstracts | 148 | 14 abstracts are featured from a variety of publications. |
| DataBase: Research and Evaluation Results | 154 | Four new studies are critiqued and
added to the DataBase chart. |
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The Art of Health Promotion |
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LuAnn Heinen Tre’ McCalister Jodi L. Cox |
1 | Overcoming Cultural Roots of Obesity and
Inactivity: Employers Respond Obesity has reached epidemic levels in the United States and may surpass smoking as the number one preventable cause of death. This issue reviews the health and financial consequences of obesity, the impact on employers and strategies to address the problem. |
| 6 |
Selected Abstracts Abstracts are provided for 17 articles across the four areas of the framework. |
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| Larry S. Chapman | 11 | Closing Thoughts |
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American Journal of Health Promotion | 248-682-0707 |
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